Toward advanced neural interfaces for the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and their future applications

Modulation of nerve signals from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a growing field of neurotechnology for therapeutic effects of the human body and for interfacing with neural prostheses. For this, neural interfaces, that provide the basis for direct communication with neuron tissues and mapping neural signals, are preferentially developed. Even though various types of peripheral nerve interfaces have been developed for many years, advanced neural interfaces need to be developed in conjunction with cutting-edge technology for the modulation of the human body and advanced neural prostheses. This paper reviews the evolution of peripheral neural interfaces (PNI) and their applications. The emerging requirements of the next-generation PNI are also explored.