Stimulating and inhibiting neurons using dual-color micro-LEDs in a single implantable device

Bidirectional optogenetics holds promise as tool for neuromodulation. In a recent issue of Cell Reports Physical Science, Mao et al. introduced a monolithic neural probe with densely integrated dual-color red and blue micro-LEDs and microelectrodes achieved through heterogeneous stacking of III-V epitaxial films. In vivo demonstrations highlight the potential of the device to be used in brain circuit research and therapeutic applications.