Phase synchronization of chaotic lasers

We experimentally investigate phase synchronization between two electronically coupled diode laser pumped Nd:YAG lasers. As the coupling strength increases, the phase of the two chaotic laser outputs develops from a nonsynchronous state to a phase synchronous one through a phase jump state. We find that there are 2π phase jumps and a π/2 phase shift between the two laser outputs unlike in optically coupled Nd:YAG lasers. To clarify the transition to phase synchronization with a π/2 phase shift, we analyze the phenomenon of phase synchronization by using a phase portrait, phase difference dynamics, and frequency variation depending on the coupling strength and obtain the scaling rule of the average phase locking time in the intermittent phase jump state.