Notice of Removal: A multi-channel Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopic patch for quantitative monitoring of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

When cardiac arrest occurs to patients, the emergency medical service(EMS) is a top priority for saving their life or avoiding the critical injury to the brain and internal organ. Among the EMS, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial to save their life. The implementation of CPR is usually determined by the carotid artery palpation method. However, the method has several shortcomings in the determination whether the CPR is implemented to patients as shown in the followings: 1) its detection accuracy is dependent on a person so that unnecessary CPR could be applied to a patients; 2) cerebral blood flow can be reduced by misdemeanor of a non-expert operator; 3) unnecessary CPR may damage a rib or internal organs. Therefore, a quantitative tool to determine the implementation of CPR may beneficial to save the life of patients under such emergent situation and avoid the side effects by unnecessary CPR. In this study, we thus demonstrate a multi-channel Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopic patch which allows to obtain Doppler parameters and blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) on the carotid artery for implementing a CPR and quantitative monitoring of CPR quality for patients.