Microscopic and nanoscopic protein imaging by SIMS and helium ion microscopy

Single protein imaging and understanding their interactions are of paramount importance to understand the life phenomena. Recently reported multiplex protein SIMS imaging methodology using metal-oxide nanoparticle conjugated antibodies can be extended to a single protein imaging methodology using He ion microscopy (HIM). It is proposed here that single protein can be imaged in the microscale and the nanoscale by the complementary use of SIMS and HIM.