Influence of operating temperature on Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ anode performance and high-rate charging activity of Li-ion battery

The temperature-dependent performance of a Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ (LZTO) anode and the ultrafast-charging activity of a Li-ion battery were investigated. The LZTO anode operates at different temperatures between − 5 and 55 °C and in this work its sustainability is discussed in terms of storage performance. It delivered a discharge capacity of 181.3 mA h g⁻¹ at 25 °C, which increased to 227.3 mA h g⁻¹ at 40 °C and 131.2 mA h g⁻¹ at − 5 °C. The variation in the discharge capacity with temperature is associated with the reaction kinetics and the change in internal resistance. It showed a capacity retention of 64% and a coulombic efficiency of 98% over 500 cycles. Exhibiting a discharge capacity of 107 mA h g⁻¹, the LZTO anode was sustainable over 100 charge-discharge cycles at an ultra-high charging rate of 10 Ag⁻¹. The reaction kinetics estimated from a cyclic voltammetry analysis at high scan rates revealed a capacitive-type storage mechanism.