Domain-specific magnetization reversals on a permalloy square ring array

The extraction of domain-specific magnetization reversals from soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (SXRMS) measurements in a Permalloy square ring array was analyzed. A combination of e-beam lithography and lift-off techniques was used for the fabrication of 20-nm-thick Permalloy square ring arrays. It was observed from the extracted domain-specific hysteresis loops that the magnetization of the domain, that was parallel to field, was strongly pinned. The possibility of the coexistence of the square rings with the vortex and onion states was shown by the hysteresis loop on the pinned domain.