An experimental and simulation study of novel channel designs for open-cathode high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

A minimum balance of plant (BOP) is desired for an open-cathode high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell to ensure low parasitic losses and a compact design. The advantage of an open-cathode system is the elimination of the coolant plate and incorporation of a blower for oxidant and coolant supply, which reduces the overall size of the stack, power losses, and results in a lower system volume. In the present study, we present unique designs for an open-cathode system which offers uniform temperature distribution with a minimum temperature gradient and a uniform flow distribution through each cell. Design studies were carried out to increase power density. An experimental and simulation approach was carried out to design the novel open-cathode system. Two unique parallel serpentine flow designs were developed to yield a low pressure drop and uniform flow distribution, one without pins and another with pins. A five-cell stack was fabricated in the lab based on the new design. Performance and flow distribution studies revealed better performance, uniform flow distribution, and a reduced temperature gradient across the stack; improving overall system efficiency.